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Prop / Funded · Module C1

What a Funded Account Actually Is

It isn't a job, and it isn't your own account. It's an evaluation you pay to attempt — and knowing that changes everything about how you read the offer.

What you'll learn

  • What a "funded account" is, and what you're actually buying
  • The evaluation → funded → payout lifecycle
  • Why a prop account is not a job — and not real proprietary trading
  • How it compares to trading your own money, side by side

The thing itself

You are not being hired. You are being evaluated.

A funded account — sometimes called a prop account, a challenge, or an evaluation — is a product you buy. You pay a fee, you're given an account with a target and a set of rules, and if you hit the target without breaking a rule, the firm gives you a larger account to trade and a share of the profits you make on it.

That sounds like getting a job as a trader. It isn't. When a real firm hires a trader, the trader is an employee, trades the firm's actual money, and is paid whether or not the firm sells anything. A funded account inverts all three: you are a customer, not an employee; the money you trade during the evaluation is almost always simulated; and the firm's product is the evaluation itself. You didn't get hired. You bought an attempt.

This isn't a criticism — it's just the accurate description, and most of the confusion around funded accounts comes from people picturing the first thing while buying the second. Get the description right and the rest of this path follows cleanly.

The lifecycle

Buy, pass, get funded, get paid

Every funded account, whatever the firm calls it, runs the same four stages:

The evaluation lifecycle

1 · Buy You pay a one-off fee for an evaluation account with a profit target, a drawdown limit, and a rulebook. The fee is the firm's revenue — hold that thought, it's the whole story of C3.
2 · Pass You hit the profit target without breaching any rule. One step, two steps, sometimes three — the structure varies, but the job is always the same: prove you can hit a number without blowing the limits.
3 · Funded You're given a "funded" account — a larger account, still rule-bound, that you trade live or in continued simulation depending on the firm's model.
4 · Payout You withdraw a share of the profits you make on the funded account — typically 70–90% to you — on the firm's payout schedule.

Notice what's missing from that chain: at no point are you guaranteed to ever touch real money or real markets. Whether you do depends entirely on the firm's model — and that distinction is large enough that it gets its own module. For now, hold the shape: you pay for an attempt, you pass an evaluation, you trade a funded account, you withdraw a split.

A word that means two things

"Prop trading" already meant something

Proprietary trading is decades old. A proprietary trading firm trades its own capital — through hired traders, for the firm's own account. Bank prop desks, independent futures and options arcades, market-making shops: the trader is recruited against a skill bar, paid a salary or a draw against profit, and trades the firm's real money in live markets. The firm's revenue is the market profit those traders generate. There is no fee, because the firm isn't selling anything to the trader — it's employing one.

The retail "prop account" model is barely ten to fifteen years old and shares almost nothing with that except the word. Here the trader pays a fee, usually trades simulated capital, and — for many firms — the firm's revenue is the fees themselves rather than market profit. The trader is a customer, not an employee.

So when you see "prop firm," ask which one is meant. The original sells nothing to the trader and profits from the market. The retail model sells attempts to the trader and often profits from the attempts. They are different businesses wearing the same name — and that difference is the seed of the conflict-of-interest question this path takes apart later.

The original thing — you'll hear it called

  • The firm Proprietary trading firm · prop desk · bank prop desk · trading arcade · market-making shop
  • The trader Institutional trader · prop trader (original sense) · desk trader
  • The deal Hired · salaried or on a profit draw · trades firm capital, live

The retail thing — you'll hear it called

  • The firm Retail prop firm · prop account · funded account · funded-trader programme · challenge · evaluation · FX/CFD prop
  • The trader Retail prop trader · funded trader · challenge trader · evaluation trader
  • The deal Pays a fee · trades simulated capital · profit split if they pass

Whichever term you arrived with, it lands in one of those two columns. The rest of this path is about the right-hand one — but knowing the left exists is what stops the marketing word "prop" from doing your thinking for you.

Three ways to hold a position

Your money, simulated money, or someone else's money

The clearest way to understand a funded account is to put it beside the alternatives. There are three distinct ways a retail trader can take a position in gold — and they differ on who owns the risk, who owns the upside, and who writes the rules.

Your own live account

  • Capital Your money
  • Downside Your full loss
  • Upside 100% yours
  • Rules Only your own
  • Cost Spread / commission

Total freedom, total risk. The market is your only constraint.

Prop evaluation account

  • Capital Not yours — often simulated
  • Downside Capped at the fee
  • Upside A split, if you pass
  • Rules The firm's rulebook
  • Cost The evaluation fee

Limited downside, but you hand the firm a rulebook over how you trade.

Prop funded account

  • Capital Real or simulated firm capital
  • Downside Loss of the account, not your cash
  • Upside Your profit split
  • Rules The firm's rulebook
  • Cost Already paid (the fee)

Leverage without personal downside beyond the fee — in exchange for a cut of your upside and a rulebook.

None of these is "better." They're different instruments for different situations. If your binding constraint is capital — you can trade but don't have a stake to trade — the prop route lets you control size you couldn't otherwise reach, and caps your personal downside at the fee. If your binding constraint is nothing but your own skill and you have capital to risk, your own account gives you total freedom and keeps 100% of the upside. The funded route is a trade: someone else's size and capped personal downside, in exchange for a rulebook and a share of what you make.

Which constraint is actually yours is the question to answer before you ever buy an evaluation. The rest of this path arms you to answer it honestly.

Carry this into C2

  • A funded account is a product you buy — you pay a fee to attempt an evaluation, you are a customer, not a hired trader
  • "Prop trading" means two different things — real proprietary desks employ traders to trade firm capital; the retail prop-account model sells evaluation attempts
  • It's one of three ways to hold a position — your own money, a prop evaluation, or a prop funded account — differing on who owns the risk, the upside, and the rules

Next module

C2 — How Prop Trading Got Here

An industry that grew on the absence of regulation, nearly broke on its own economics, and still hasn't been defined.

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